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| 1421 |
| | | The third Ming emperor moves the capital from Nanjing to Beijing and begins laying out the Forbidden City | |
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| c. 1425 |
| | | The Temple of Heaven in Beijing is built for the third emperor of the Ming dynasty | |
|  | Temple of Heaven, Beijing
Fotofile CG
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| c. 1425 |
| | | Zheng He, a Muslim eunuch, makes voyages of trade and exploration with a fleet of Chinese junks | |
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| 1445 |
| | | A Muslim ruler is established in Malacca, forming the first of many Muslim dynasties in the Malay archipelago | |
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| c. 1450 |
| | | Coffee, derived from wild plants in Ethiopia, is cultivated in Arabia | |
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| 1498 |
| | | Vasco da Gama reaches the southern coast of India, at Calicut, after sailing across the Indian Ocean from east Africa | |
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| 1511 |
| | | The Portuguese take control of Malacca, in the Malay peninsula, as a base for trade further east | |
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| 1512 |
| | | The Portuguese make treaties in the Moluccas (or Spice Islands), to trade in cloves and nutmeg | |
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| 1517 |
| | | The Ottoman sultan, Selim I, captures Cairo and ends Mameluke rule in the middle east | |
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| 1521 |
| | | Ferdinand Magellan is killed in the Philippines, in a skirmish with natives | |
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